1. Core Weathering Element: Chromium (Cr, 1.50–2.00%)
Ua haujlwm ua lub hauv paus tsim cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv xeb, ua rau cov pa oxygen los tsim chromium trioxide (Cr₂O₃).
Cov oxide no nkag mus rau hauv cov txheej xeb, hloov cov hlau xoob oxyhydroxide (FeO(OH)) mus rau ntom, adherent alpha-hlau oxyhydroxide (-}FeO(OH)), tsim kom muaj lub cev barrier uas thaiv cov dej noo thiab oxygen kom ncav cuag cov hlau substrate.
2. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb: tooj liab (Cu, 0.20–0.30%)
Accelerates lub densification ntawm xeb txheej thiab txo tus nqi dissolution ntawm hlau oxide.
Copper ions enrich ntawm qhov sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov xeb txheej thiab cov substrate, tsim cuprous oxide (Cu₂O), uas ntxiv txhim kho cov xeb txheej ruaj khov thiab tiv thaiv kom tsis txhob tawg.
3. Cov Khoom Pab Txhawb Ntxiv: Phosphorus (P, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.040%) thiab Nickel (Ni, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.50%)
Phosphorus txhawb nqa kev loj hlob zoo ntawm cov xeb txheej, txo qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov pitting hauv zos thiab txhim kho cov txheej txheem txuas ntxiv.
Nickel txhim kho cov hlau tawv thaum ntxiv dag zog rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov xeb txheej thiab cov substrate, tiv thaiv patina flaking los ntawm qhov kub thiab txias hloov los yog kev ntxhov siab.
4. Cov ntsiab lus hauv paus: Carbon (C, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.16%) thiab Manganese (Mn, 0.80–1.25%)
Qhov qis-carbon tsim (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.16%) zam cov nag lossis daus ntawm carbide, kom ntseeg tau zoo weldability thiab toughness ntawm cov hlau thaum txo qis hauv zos corrosion los ntawm kev sib xyaw ua ke.
Manganese nce lub zog ntawm cov hlau thiab, thaum ua ke nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus, tswj cov khoom ruaj khov ntawm cov substrate, muab cov khoom txhawb nqa rau kev tiv thaiv xeb txheej.
5. Kev Tswj Cov Khoom Ua Phem: Sulfur (S, Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.050%) thiab Phosphorus (Strict Upper Limit)
nruj me ntsis txwv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov teeb meem xws li cov sulfur kom tsis txhob ua brittle sulfide inclusions, uas yuav ua raws li corrosion pib cov ntsiab lus thiab cuam tshuam tag nrho kev ncaj ncees ntawm cov xeb txheej.
